Polishing Treatment for Plastic Molds
February 22, 2024
Polishing Treatment for Plastic Molds With the widespread application of plastic products, such as daily-use items and beverage packaging containers, there is often a requirement
Why Do Bubbles and Vacuum Bubbles Occur On the Injection Molded Parts?
Causes for vacuum bubbles on the injection molded parts
1. Improper control of molding conditions
The following improper molding conditions will cause bubbles inside the plastic parts:
- Overly low injection pressure
- Overly fast injection speed
- Overly short injection time and cycle
- Too much or little amount of materials added
- Insufficient pressure
- Uneven or insufficient cooling
- Not properly controlled material temperature and mold temperature
Especially during high-speed injection, the gas inside the mold is too late to be discharged, resulting in too much gas remaining in the melt. Therefore, we should appropriately reduce the injection speed. However, if the speed drops too much and the injection pressure is too low, it is difficult to exhaust the gas in the melt. And then bubbles, dents and undershot will probably occur. Therefore, you should be especially careful when adjusting the injection speed and pressure.
In addition, we can avoid bubbles and vacuum bubbles by adjusting the injection and holding time, improving the cooling conditions, controlling the amount of feed and other methods. If the cooling conditions of the plastic parts are poor, the plastic parts can be immediately put into hot water after demoulding, so that the internal and external cooling rate tends to be the same.
When controlling the mold temperature and melt temperature, the temperature can’t be too high. Otherwise it will cause the melt to depolymerize and decompose, generate a lot of gas or shrink excessively, and form bubbles or shrinkage holes. If the temperature is too low, the filling pressure will be insufficient, and the plastic parts are prone to voids and bubbles.
In general, the melt temperature should be controlled slightly lower, while the mold temperature slightly higher. Under such process conditions, it is not easy to produce a large amount of gas and shrinkage holes. When controlling the barrel temperature, the temperature of the feeding section shouldn’t be too high. Otherwise it will cause backflow of material and then bubbles.
2. Mold defects
Exact Reasons:
- The gate position of the mold is not correct.
- The gate section is too small.
- The main runner and branch runner are long and narrow.
- There are dead corners in the runner.
- The mold exhaust is poor.
Therefore, first determine whether the cause for bubbles and vacuum bubbles is the mold defects. Then, according to the specific situation, adjust the structural parameters of the mold. Especially the gate position, it should be set at the thick wall of the plastic part.
When selecting the gate type, we should avoid using the direct gate because it’s easy to generate vacuum holes. This is because the pressure in the cavity is higher than the pressure in front of the gate after finishing the pressure holding. If the melt at the direct gate has not yet frozen at this time, the melt will flow back, causing holes to form inside the plastic part.
In the case that the gate type cannot be changed, it can be adjusted by extending the holding time, increasing the feed amount, and expanding the taper of the gate.
The gate cross-section should not be too small, especially when molding several plastic parts with different shapes at the same time. It must be noted that the size of each gate should be proportional to the weight of the plastic part. Or else, the bigger plastic parts are prone to air bubbles.
In addition, the slender and narrow runners should be shortened and widened to eliminate dead corners in the runners, and eliminate the failure of poor mold exhaust. When designing the mold, avoid any extra-thick parts or large disparity in thickness on the shape of the plastic part.
3. The raw materials do not meet the use requirements
Exact Reasons:
- The moisture or volatile content in the molding raw material exceeds the standard.
- The material particles are too small or uneven in size, resulting in too much air mixed in the feeding process.
- The shrinkage of the raw material is too large.
- The melt index of the melt is too large or too small.
- There are too much recycled material content.
It should be solved by using pre-dried raw materials, sieving out fine materials, replacing resins, and reducing the amount of recycled materials.
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